Which type of network architecture allows routers to perform different tasks depending on their functional position within an area?

The hierarchical architecture is designed to allow routers and other network devices to perform varying tasks based on their functional positions within the network. This architecture divides the network into layers - typically core, distribution, and access layers - each serving distinct roles and responsibilities.

In a hierarchical setup, core routers manage high-speed data transfer and interconnect different distribution layers, while distribution layer routers may handle policy control, routing, and network aggregation. Access layer devices focus on connecting end devices and managing access to the network. This division of functions not only enhances performance but also simplifies network management and scalability, as changes or improvements can be made at specific layers without impacting others.

In contrast, flat architectures lack this level of organization, leading to challenges in managing large networks. Distributed architectures try to decentralize the load but do not inherently provide the structured roles found in hierarchical systems. Segmented architectures generally focus on partitioning the network for security or efficiency and do not specifically address functional variations based on position.