Which of the following types of routes are static routes?

Static routes are manually configured paths that remain constant unless altered by an administrator. They serve as a direct means to route traffic to specific destinations without the involvement of dynamic routing protocols. Since static routes are established through manual input, they do not adapt to changes in the network topology; this lack of fluctuation is key to their definition.

Other options highlight routes learned through different mechanisms, such as protocols that automatically discover network paths or those that adjust based on network changes. For instance, routes learned by protocols are dynamic and will change according to network conditions, while dynamic routes utilize discovery protocols to establish paths based on real-time network information. Additionally, routes that directly connect to neighboring routers can be either static or dynamic and do not exclusively define static routes. Thus, the essence of static routes being manually set and stable over time distinctly points to the correct option.